CKD, Chronic kidney disease; GFR, Glomerular filtration rate; SGLT2, Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2; GLP-1 RA, Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; DPP-4, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4; KF, Kidney failure; KRT, Kidney replacement therapy; G1: GFR ≥90 mL/min per 1.73 m2; G2: GFR 60-89 mL/min per 1.73 m2, G3a: GFR 45–59 mL/min per 1.73 m2; G3b: GFR 30–44 mL/min per 1.73 m2; G4: GFR 15–29 mL/min per 1.73 m2; G5: GFR <15 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or treated by dialysis. Here, DPP4 is linked to kidney failure.