TNF and neoplasm: An early study examining IL-33 in tumorigenesis in mouse mammary carcinoma showed that the deletion of ST2 in BALB/c mice resulted in a decrease in tumor growth and metastasis [26], and this was concomitant with increased levels of cytokines, such as interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-17, and decreased IL-4 in serum.