TNF and colitis: In an in vivo model of intestinal inflammation, the oral administration of alantolactone (50 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated the clinical symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice by lowering the release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, ICAM-1, COX-2, TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-6 to basal levels [61].