In the same study, cancer cells, including PC3 PCa treated with 5-azacitidine (AZA, an FDA-approved drug), and all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) upregulated dormancy genes, including NR2F1, SOX9, RARβ, and p21, and downregulated Ki67 and P-ERK1/2. Here, SOX9 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.