In the same animal model, Fujisawa et al. showed that spironolactone attenuated renal fibrosis and suppressed macrophage infiltration, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression in glomeruli and tubulointerstitium [67]. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE1 and renal fibrosis.