ATF3 and neoplasm: As shown in melanoma, β-catenin activation within tumor cells results in transcription repressor ATF3-induced suppression of CCL4 expression, causing poor DC recruitment and cross-presentation in the lymph nodes, as well as a lack of CXCL9/CXCL10-secreting DCs at the tumor site, leading to poor CD8+ effector T cell recruitment [86,95].