AIF1 and atrial fibrillation: The retinas of both aged male and female mice showed a significant increase in Iba-1 (AM: 79 ± 8%, p < 0.01 vs. CM; AF: 45 ± 10%, p < 0.05 vs. CF) compared to the retinas of young same-sex mice (CM: 20 ± 2%; CF: 25 ± 3%) (Figure 2A).