In another study on Lactobacillus alleviating DSS-induced colitis, it was also found that the treatment of L. plantarum AR113 and L. casei AR342 can significantly down-regulate the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in mice colon tissues and up-regulate the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 expression, and, thus, played a role in alleviating colitis [4]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and colitis.