TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: The NETs released by LDGs could regulate multiple cellular components involved in SLE immunity, both at the innate and adaptive level, such is the case of macrophages, which can internalize NETs and secrete the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in response; the production of these cytokines promotes differentiation into autoreactive B cells that produce autoantibodies, such as anti-LL37, exacerbating the pathology of SLE [140,141].