The most pronounced effect was shown in the A53T variant of ASN, which may suggest a link between genetic background associated with PD and disturbance to mitochondria homeostasis [71].Previously, we showed that silence information regulator 1-sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a member of the mammalian class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) family, is down-regulated by extracellular ASN [31]. Here, SIRT1 is linked to Parkinson disease.