ABCB1 and neoplasm: Our previous reports pointed out that Salmonella treatment significantly reduces tumor burden and prolonged survival of murine tumor models; the findings were attributed to the observed alteration of relevant signaling cascades such as AKT/mTOR/p70s6K pathway and p38-MAPK signaling axis, and varied expression of corresponding proteins such as P-glycoprotein, PD-L1, and Cx43, among others [19,27,28].