EPCAM and neoplasm: Hence, some novel techniques have been developed to improve the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the CSF using immunoflow cytometry with fluorescently labeled antibodies against membrane-bound tumor cell proteins, such as the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) for epithelial tumor cells [70], and human high molecular weight-melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA/MCSP) or melanoma chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MCSP) and CD146 for melanoma [71,72].