More recently, one single-cell RNA-seq cohort identified aberrant basaloid cells in IPF that co-expressed basal epithelial (TP63, KRT17, LAMB3, and LAMC2), mesenchymal (VIM, CDH2, FN1, COL1A1, TNC, and HMGA2), and senescence (CDKN1A, CDKN2A, CCND1, CCND2, MDM2, and GDF15) signature genes [85]. This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.