Nevertheless, insulin-treated patients were seen to have a significantly lower survival rate than patients with orally treated DM and those without DM at 1 year (75.7% vs. 84.5% vs. 84.7%: pairwise p < 0.01) and 3 years (56.9% vs. 65.9% vs. 67.9%: adj. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.