In the last decade, research in melanoma treatment saw two historical moments, defined in 2011 by the FDA approval of ipilimumab and vemurafenib for BRAF proto-oncogene (BRAF) mutated metastatic melanoma treatment, and in 2014 by the authorization of pembrolizumab and nivolumab for unresectable and metastatic melanoma. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and melanoma.