Vigil is an autologous tumor cell vaccine manufactured from harvested tumor tissue and transfected ex vivo with a multigenic plasmid encoding the human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) gene and a bifunctional short-hairpin RNA (bi-shRNA) construct, which reduces the expression of furin and downstream TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 [122]. Here, CSF2 is linked to neoplasm.