Interestingly, multiple studies have shown an elevation of the NF-kB-inducible, pro-inflammatory miRNA-146a in both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and prion disease (PrD) and the selective induction of miRNA-146a by both human DNA and RNA neurotrophic viruses, including herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1; Herpesviridae; dsDNA genome), Hantavirus (HTV; Bunyaviridae; (−) ssRNA genome) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; Retroviridae; (+) ssRNA genome; [17,28,29,30,31]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.