VEGFA and cancer: During the process of carcinogenesis and tumor progression, cancer cells may evade the immunosurveillance through the release of cytokines (such as transforming growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin-6) and recruitment of precancerous immune cells (such as regulatory T cell (Treg), myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and tumor associated macrophage-2) [68].