Lung-on-a-chip models can achieve some level of personalization by using patient samples or by using biomarker levels typically seen in diseased patients, such as Benam et al.’s model that incorporated primary airway epithelium from COPD patients to show different cytokine release profile in response to inflammatory stimuli and cigarette smoke, and used controlled levels of interleukin-13 (IL-13) in healthy chips to induce aspects seen in asthma such as increased inflammatory cytokines excretion and reduced ciliary beating frequency of epithelial cells [23]. The gene discussed is IL13; the disease is asthma.