Apart from their roles in melanocytes, members of the MiT/TFE (microphthalmia/transcription factor E) family of helix-loop-helix transcription factors are activated by different types of internal and external stresses and also in cancer [11] (for Nrf2 see Section 4.2 and for NF-κB Section 4.4). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and cancer.