Membrane-bound HLA-G levels on CLL cells have been found elevated in CLL patients with progressive disease and short treatment-free survival, and a multivariate Cox regression analysis has revealed that the HLA-G status of CLL cells has an independent prognostic value similar to that of the established prognostic markers ZAP-70 and CD38 [180,197]. The gene discussed is CD38; the disease is B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.