Regarding the assessment of insulin resistance, the HOMA index was used because it compares favorably with other models and has the advantage of requiring a single plasma sample for insulin and glucose, while the gold-standard glucose clamp technique is far more invasive; however, it should be considered that the HOMA index has some limitations, since it is poorly reproducible, insulin secretion is pulsatile, and cut-off values differ by races, ages, and sexes, for which several different parameters were proposed to evaluate insulin resistance [43,44,45]. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.