APOA1 and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement: Besides pneumonia, COVID-19 patients develop abnormalities, such as lymphocytopenia, progressive increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (the cytokine storm) and C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as a decrease in total protein, albumin, ApoA-I, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides, together with lowered CD3+T, CD8+T cell level [193].