APP and Alzheimer disease: It is worth noting that Choi et al. [7], who used 3D cultures of familial AD (FAD) patient-derived ipsc, or genetically modified human stem cell lines with APP or APP/presenilin mutations, i.e., neuronal models for FAD, mainly relating to Aβ production, stated that neurons derived from sporadic AD patients gave variable results in Aβ levels, showing increased levels in only a few cases.