Thus, ASC-1 can modulate estrogen receptor-α [68], essential for proliferation, in breast cancer cells, activate MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling in cervical malignant cells [66] or co-regulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines COX-2/iNOS with p300 in melanoma cells [65]. The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is breast carcinoma.