Collectively, AREG, CCL2, CD74, CFB, FOSL1, GM2A, KLK7, KLK8, PSCA, S100A2, S100A7, S100A8 and S100A9 may be DEGs worth exploring; some of them were not investigated as BLCA biomarkers and are considered novel. Here, S100A7 is linked to bladder transitional cell carcinoma.