AGE-RAGE results in atherosclerosis through activation of NF-κB and NADPH oxidase, leading to increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, pro-fibrotic factors, and ROS.S100 proteins and HMGB1 promote the release of proinflammatory cytokines and ROS formation via RAGE, contributing to atherogenesis. Here, RENBP is linked to atherosclerosis.