FMO5 and atherosclerosis: In diabetic patients, the increase in plasma levels of AGEs is responsible for a non-physiological hyperactivation of RAGE, leading to atherosclerosis through the activation of NF-κB and NADPH oxidase, resulting in the increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and pro-fibrotic growth factors, and the generation of ROS, which is causative of severe complications, including CVD and nephropathy [16,17].