The evaluation of the various screening laboratory methodologies revealed a slightly better resolution and quantification of Hb Bart’s, the abnormal form of hemoglobin in newborns indicative of possible α-thalassemia, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); this methodology was thus chosen as the primary screening technique for implementation in all NBS centers [28]. This evidence concerns the gene GSTM1 and thalassemia.