SMAD3 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: (Figure 1f) A study by Ye et al. in CNE2 (nasopharyngeal carcinoma, cultured cells) found that calreticulin (CRT) expression is related to EMT by Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) expression via TGF-β/SMAD3, related to the downregulation of E-cadherin and the upregulation of vimentin, inducing EMT via SMAD3 and the TGF-β pathway [84].