HSF1 and aspergillosis: More importantly, HSF1 as a transcription factor serves as a negative regulator of SFTPD expression, and an increased SFTPD level helps cells protect from an infectious conidia invasion by A. fumigatus. These findings clearly indicate that the HSF1 transcription factor is a good indicator of A. fumigatus conidia infection via SFTPD and that it represents a candidate for use in aspergillosis treatment.