TNF and benign prostatic hyperplasia: This study was performed to prove that ellagitannins (1 and 2), which were isolated from CA, can be used as treatment for BPH, through the evaluations of cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, anti-proliferative effect on BPH cell line, flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis, and 5α-reductase inhibition activity.