TNF and chronic prostatitis: The ellagitannins (1 and 2) were also shown to induce a potent decrease in the productions of IL-1β and TNF-α (Figure 4 and Figure 5), which are major cytokines involved in systemic inflammation, as well as in stimulating the acute phase reaction and biological markers of prostatic secretion, as indicators of prostatic inflammation in chronic prostatitis [19,20,21].