MTOR and cancer: Numerous signalling pathways have been described to be important drivers of chemoresistance, such as developmental pathways (Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog) and common cancer-related intrinsic pathways (Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-kB), Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Protein Kinase B (AKT)-mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR), Janus Kinase (JAK)/Signal Transducer and Activators of Transcription (STAT), Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK)) [8].