Type 2 diabetes alters the expression of genes encoding proteins with a wide range of functions affecting insulin secretion, such as Ca2+ trafficking (TMEM37, SUR1), mitochondrial metabolism (ALDOB, GPD2, FXYD2 and PCK1), cell cycling (P21/CIP, TTC39C) and fatty acid (FFAR4, TMEM97), insulin (IR), IGF-1 (IGF1R) and TNF (TNFRSF11A) receptor signalling [22,23,24,25,26,27]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.