To further explore the effects of ALT on β-cells during diabetes development, we adoptively transferred activated, diabetogenic NOD G9C8 CD8 TCR transgenic cytotoxic T lymphocytes, that recognize aa15–23 of the insulin B chain [30], into non-diabetic NODShiLt recipient mice that were pre-treated for 30-days with or without ALT. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.