TLR9 and neoplasm: Comparatively, Western blots from tumor samples collected in all groups demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of TLR9, autophagosome markers (ATG5 and Beclin-1), and induction in the expression of apoptotic marker (c-caspase-3) and oxidative enzyme (SOD1) expression observed (Figure 9D), while the qRT-PCR analysis of plasma levels of hsa-miR-30a-5p expression showed the highest level in HCQ + sorafenib-treated pooled blood samples, followed by HCQ, control, and sorefenib (Figure 9E).