Before matching, the patients in the DPP4i group were younger; had more outpatient visits for diabetes management in the previous year; were more likely to have undergone a dilated fundus examination in the previous year; had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia; had a longer diabetes duration; had more prescriptions of sulfonylurea, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, meglitinides, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, antiplatelets, statins, and fenofibrates, and fewer prescriptions of insulin. Here, GAA is linked to diabetes mellitus.