Expression of microRNAs (29a and 222) related to inhibition of autophagic signals is significantly enhanced [45,46,47], APP accumulated, together with increased expression of a p-ERK protein A p62 protein, can influence the balance of mitophagy [38], and ERK phosphorylation is a regulator of pro-inflammatory responses in AD pathogenesis [48]. Here, APP is linked to Alzheimer disease.