Oral administration of Bifidobacterium species promotes this response by increasing the level of the tumor-specific T-cell response, the tumor infiltrating by CTLs and increased IFN-γ production, enhancing CTLs priming and improving the anti-PD-L1 treatment’s efficiency [19,21,70,72,73,80,92] (Figure 1). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.