It has been proven in clinical trials that the combination of these ATR inhibitors and platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., Pt, carboplatin, oxaliplatin), antimetabolite-based chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., GEM), and topoisomerase inhibitors (e.g., CPT, irinotecan, TPT) can effectively increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and, meanwhile, reduce the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs [130]. The gene discussed is ATR; the disease is cancer.