Similarly, miR-383 was shown to be highly upregulated in patients with CCA, promoting tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in an interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF1)-dependent manner and positively correlating with advanced tumor stage, large tumor size, invasion, and metastasis, and being regarded as an unfavorable independent prognostic factor [150]. Here, IRF1 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.