HDAC3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: For instance, gut microbiota could utilize HDAC3 to program diurnal metabolic rhythms to regulate the oscillations in histone acetylation, metabolic gene expression, and nutrient uptake; meanwhile, HDAC3 can induce microbiota-dependent rhythmic transcription of the lipid transporter gene CD36 and diet-induced obesity.