Consensus holds that, in response to viral infection, macrophage vitamin D/VDR signaling initially activates pro-inflammatory pathways (e.g., increased LL37, IL-8), while a more delayed anti-inflammatory response (e.g., decreased IL-8, increased IL-10) serves to limit immune-mediated injury [54,55,112,114]. The gene discussed is VDR; the disease is viral infectious disease.