These studies suggest that Gal-3 deficiency is associated with at higher spread of fungal infection and impaired Th1 and/or Th17 antifungal immune response, corroborating our detected downregulated expression of the genes for proinflammatory cytokines, il-1β in the spleen and brain, il-12a in the lungs, and il-12b in the lungs and spleen. Here, IL1B is linked to fungal infectious disease.