Interestingly, GLP-1 (and incretin therapy) target the cAMP/PKA pathway [27,28] and may contribute to a reduced prevalence of thoracic AA in T2D, in part through the induction of the Sdc-1 expression on infiltrating macrophages but also through an increased SMC and endothelial expression of Sdc-1. Here, SDC1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.