In conclusion, our results suggest that the levels of mRNA of the selected neurotrophins (BDNF and NT4/5), heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP27), SIRT1, and selected miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells may serve as biomarkers of inflammation in the CNS and neurodegenerative processes in patients with multiple sclerosis. Here, BDNF is linked to multiple sclerosis.