A decrease in the expression of the BDNF and SIRT1 genes and an increase in the expression of miR-132-3p, miR-34a, and miR-132 in PBMCs may indicate an inhibition of the neuroprotective function of these cells, which may be associated with the transition of the immune system towards inflammation by producing IFN-γ and IL-17A in T cells, responsible for the development of Th1 and Th17, and, consequently, by maintaining the chronic inflammation that can be seen in MS. This evidence concerns the gene SIRT1 and myeloid sarcoma.