EPO and fibrosis: Erythropoietin (EPO)-transfected microparticles in mice with UUO [144,145], Wharton jelly’s MSC-EVs in cyclosporin A injury [146], and adipose-MSC-EVs in renal artery stenosis [147] all inhibited the EMT and tubulointerstitial fibrosis by downregulating phosphorylated Smad2, Smad3, and p38 MAPK signalling, and increasing E-cadherin.