YAP1 (F value: 17.41, p value < 0.001), TEAD2 (F value: 20.12, p value < 0.001) and SMAD4 (F value: 577.2, p value < 0.001) were significantly upregulated in both the NASH and SS groups, compared with the NC group. Here, YAP1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.