On the other hand, Hosokawa et al. reported that when SC-islet cells from patients with fulminant T1D and healthy subjects were treated with inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ), apoptosis was more likely to occur in the SC-islet cells from the fulminant T1D subjects [44]. Here, IL1B is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.