TNF and Hyperammonemia: Our results also show that decreasing the peripheral levels of TNFα in chronic hyperammonemia did not prevent all the effects on cerebellar neuroinflammation and neurotransmission but should be necessary to prevent the initial increase of TNFα in plasma, as, in this work, bicuculline treatment started after one week of hyperammonemia, when cerebellar neuroinflammation was already observed [5], whereas, in our previous works, Infliximab treatment started before hyperammonemic diet [5,40].