TNF and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement: These inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL 6, IL 2, IL-1β, IL 7, IL 10, and IL-18, as well as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), have pivotal roles in pathological progression and severity of COVID-19 through an increase in viral load, pneumonia, lung damage, neurological disorders, and mortality [97,101].